COMMENTS:Apparently {Urcia} (*ɦorcia) was an ancient name for the sky-god, like Jove/Jupiter, Zeus, etc., thus *ɦorc-egun or *ɦośt-egun 'Thursday'. See the discussions by Michelena (1961: 130, 363-4) and Trask (1997: 277-79). There is similar alternation of -rc- / -śt- in a few other Bsq words, e.g. *ɦerce / *ɦeśte ‘intestine’, *borc / *bośt ‘five’ (q.v.).
COMMENTS:Cf. also *huć: these words appear to be contaminated or blended.
PROTO:*ɦulca-hur̄ (?)
MEANING:walnut
ARB:unsaur
BZK:untxaur, intxaur, (arc) insaur
GIP:intxaur
ANV:intxaur,
BNV:heltzaur, giltzaur, (Amikuse) intzaur
SAL:giltzagur
LAB:heltzaur, eltzaur
BZT:giltzaur
AZK:etxabur
ZBR:intzáur, (Garazi) intzagor
RNC:etzagur, (Vidangoz) itzagur
COMMENTS:An interesting word with many local variants. It is apparently a compound with an obscure first element + *hur̄ 'hazelnut' (q.v.). Words with g- appear to be blended with *gilc 'joint, node'.
PROTO:*iainko
MEANING:God
BZK:Jainko
GIP:Jainko
ANV:Jainko, Inka
BNV:Jinko, (arc) {Ieyncoa}, (Aldude) Inka
LAB:Jainko, Jinko, (Ainhoa) Inkoa
BZT:Jinko
ZBR:Jinko
COMMENTS:The forms Ink(o)a occur in oaths: Ala Inkoa!, Ala Inka! 'By God!'. Azkue also cites Jaungoiko (BZK, GIP, ANV), but possibly this longer word ('lord who is on high') is a "folk-etymology which attempts to rationalize the old name [Jainko] into something more obviously Christian" (Trask 1997: 323). The etymology remains mysterious.
PROTO:*ibar̄
MEANING:valley
BZK:ibar
GIP:ibar
BNV:ibar
LAB:ibar
ZBR:íbar
COMMENTS:More specifically, "fertile low-lying land between mountains" (Trask). Connections to Bsq *ɦibai ‘river’ (q.v.) or ip(h)ar, ifar ‘north’, if any, are unclear. Cf. Burushaski *bar 'valley, ravine'.
COMMENTS:Cf. PEC *ś_wăjV 'last year'. For PSC we posit metathesis: *śwắjHV ~ *jHắśwV, the latter > Bsq *ihas. NCED suggests the possibility of a laryngeal in the PEC form, because of the pharyngeal vowel in Archi šʷaIš.
COMMENTS:Cf. PNC *hōwɫ[ā] 'bean(s), lentil'. The relevance of words for 'heather' is uncertain, since the heather plant (Erica) is so different from the pulses, and Bsq words for heather (ilharre, gillar, gindarra, iñarra, añara, etc.) are phonetically diverse and probably indicate blending of originally distinct roots.
COMMENTS:The phonetic development may have been PSC *ƛēʔlV > (pre-Bsq) *liɫhu-n > Bsq *iɫhu-n, with a dissimilation of laterals attested in other cases.
PROTO:*inhi
MEANING:rush, cane, reed
BZK:ii
GIP:ii
BNV:ihi
LAB:ihi
ZBR:ihi [ĩ́hĩ]
COMMENTS:There is some similarity to the synonym *si(n)Hi (q.v.), attested only in BZK, but it is difficult to reconcile phonetically with *inhi.
COMMENTS:Analyzed here as PSC *čä́HV ‘salt’ with a fossilized class prefix *i= (mass/uncountable nouns) and suffix *-śo, found also in (L-arc) ibaso ‘river’ (see *ɦibai). Azkue cites *-śo only as the kinship suffix *-śo (q.v.). It is not clear whether *-śo in itsaso and ibaso is identical with it (‘child of salt’ = ‘sea’?) or the diminutive -txo (*-čo), or neither.
